ALL INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES in the WEsT HEM ARE AT RISK IN 2026

UNESCO Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger,
Ethnologue (SIL International),
U.S. Census Bureau – American Community Survey (ACS) Native Language Use,
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) – Living Languages Initiative,
Administration for Native Americans (ANA) – Esther Martinez Native American Languages Preservation Act Grants,
U.S. Department of Education – Native American Language grants,
National Museum of Asian Art & National Museum of the American Indian (Smithsonian) language documentation records,
Tribal language program annual reports (Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, Three Affiliated Tribes, Minnesota Dakota communities, Ojibwe tribal governments),
Tribal college language program disclosures (Oglala Lakota College, tribal education departments),
IRS Form 990 filings for tribal colleges and affiliated nonprofit language programs,
National Indian Education Study (NIES),
Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages,
First Peoples’ Cultural Council comparative language vitality frameworks,
Academic linguistic fieldwork records (Boas, Parks, Hollow, Rankin, Mithun),
Community-based speaker counts reported by tribal language programs and immersion schools (non-ACS data).